Perimping grass is one of lignocellulosic material which has not been fully utilized yet, so it is potential to be used as a raw material for pulp. The objective of this research is to study influences of the operating variables of formic acid pulping on pulp properties (bursting index, tearing index, and tensile index). Influences of the operating variables were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The pulping experiments is carried out at the boiling temperature of cooking liquor on the atmospheric pressure, with 40 grams of perimping grass using formic acid concentrations of 60% - 80%, reaction time from 60 to 180 minutes, and liquid to solid ratio of 10/1 - 20/1, with HCl catalyst of 0.1% wt. The results showed that the physical properties of pulp from perimping grass are bursting index is 22-184,36 kPa m2/g, tearing index is 187-660 mN m2/g, and tensile index is 659.3-2.1149 N m/g.
Departement of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Indonesia
The activated charcoal is a porous solid containing 85% - 95% of charcoal having undergone a reaction with gas or by addition of a chemical (KOH, NaOH, ZnCl2) before, during or after carbonization to enhance its absorbency. Activated carbon has an important property that is absorption/adsorption. Materials containing charcoal elements can produce activated charcoal by heating it at high temperatures. Activated charcoal can be utilized as absorbent agent, electrode, catalyst, liquid waste or gas/waste treatment, as storage gas/gas adsorptive strorage and water purification process both in drinking water production process and in waste handling. The purpose of this research is the utilization of palm midrib torrefaction product as raw material of activated charcoal through pyrolysis process and analyze the effect of pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time on the active charcoal raw material produced. For each torrefaction trial, nitrogen was flowed through the reactor at a flow rate of 150 mL / min for 15 min with a temperature of 275 º C. Sample of palm midrib used 50 gram is put into reactor and heated for 45 minutes. The resulting torrefaction charcoal product is then processed into activated charcoal through a pyrolysis process of 3 grams with a pyrolysis temperature variable of 550 ° C, 600 ° C, and 650 ° C and a pyrolysis time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes.
Oleochemical Laboratory Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Riau University, Indonesia
Coconut coir waste which has a high calorific value can still be used as fuel by way of briquettes. bio briquette production is done by using torrefaction reactor and hydraulic press machine with different particle size and pressing pressure. Variations in particle size used were 60, 80 and 100 mesh and the pressure variations used were 100, 110 and 120 bar. The process used is torrefaction and densification. Characteristic analyzes of bio briquettes include compressive strength and heat value test. In this experiment, bio briquette produced with calorific value 21065.47 kJ/kg obtained at 60 mesh particle size with pressurization pressure of 120 bar and the highest compressive strength of 7,526 kg/cm2 was obtained at 100 mesh particle size with pressure of 120 bar.
Chemical Engineering Department, Riau University, Indonesia
Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Riau, Indonesia
Clotting is a phase change event of a sol to a gel phase with the help of a coagulant commonly called coagulant. The purpose of this research is to produce coagulant that accelerate latex cogulation using natural ingredients skin and pineapple cobs and produce latex with good quality. This study was done by weighing 750 grams of pineapple skin and pineapple, cut into small pieces, washed with aquades, added 0.1 M sodium acetate, mashed and then filtered. Then the extract obtained in the vortex and then centrifuged for 25 minutes at a speed of 3,500 rpm and stored at a temperature of 4 ˚C. Furthermore, the latex coagulation process, latex that has been clot dry and weight of rubber weighed. The largest weight of rubber is the addition of 25 ml of coagulant which produces 27,41 gram of dry rubber and at variable of contact time of heavy weight of rubber is found at 6 hours contact time with rubber weight equal to 25,94 gram. The largest weight of rubber is the addition of 25 ml of coagulant which produces 27,41 gram of dry rubber and at variable of contact time of heavy weight of rubber is highest at contact time 6 hours with rubber weight equal to 25,94 gram. The result of rubber quality testing on coagulant volume variation obtained the best rubber obtained at the time of addition of 25 ml of latex coagulant. The results of the analysis on nitrogen content, dirt content and ash content in the addition of 25 ml coagulant is close to the requirements of SIR 20. As for the results of rubber quality testing on the variation of the best rubber contact time is obtained at the time of contact time 18 hours. The results of the analysis on nitrogen content, dirt level and ash content at 25 ml of this coagulant maturation close to the requirement of SIR 20.
Chemical Engineering Department, Riau University, Indonesia
